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Helpful Terminologies for
Healthy Racial Dialogue
Celebrate
Black History
INSIGHTFUL
ARTICLES
"The
Cornel West Reader," Cornel West
"African
American Philosopher"
"Two
Nations," Andrew Hacker
"European
American Writer"
"Lies My
Teacher Told Me," James Loewen
"European
American Philosopher"
"The End of
Racism,"
by Dinesh D'Souza
"White
Awareness," by Judith H. Katz
"Theories of Race and
Racism",
by Les Back and John Solomos
"Race
Myth," by Joseph L. Graves, Jr.
"Race Matters,"
Dr. Cornel West
"The Future of Race,"
Dr. Cornel West
"Africans in
America," by Charles Johnson
"In Search of Black
America," by David J. Dent
"Thirteen Ways of Looking at a Black
Man," by Henry Louis Gates Jr.
"By the Color of Your
Skin," by Lleonard Steinhorn and Barbara Diggs- Brown
"One Drop of Blood,"
by Scott L. Malcomson
"Jews & Blacks: Let the Healing Begin,"
Dr West, Jane Isay, Michael Lerner
"Sons
of Mississippi", by
Paul Hendrickson
"The
End of Blackness",
by Debra J. Dickerson
"Nigger",
by Randall Kennedy
"America Behind the Color Line", by
Henry Louis Gates Jr.
"When
Race Becomes Real", Edited by Bernstine
Singley
"Black
Athena"
(vol.'s 1 & 2 ),by Martin Bernal
"Egypt
Revisited", by Ivan Van Sertima
"The Jews of
Germany", by Marvin Lowenthal
'Quitting
America'
(The departure of a black man from his native land),
by Randall
Robinson)
"Black
Boy", by Richard Wright
"Some
of Us Did Not Die", by
June Jordan,
"Black
Florida", by Kevin M. McCarthy
"The
Destruction of Black Civilization"
(Great Issues of a Race From 4500 B.C. to 2000 A.D.), by Chancellor
Williams
Cheikh
Anta Diop ( born in Senegal-12/29/23, Died in Senegal-2/7/86 )
His
Books/Publications:
'African
Origin of Civilization'-Myth or Reality(1974)
'Black Africa'
'Pre-Colonial Black Africa'
'Civilization or Barbarism' (1987)
"The
Mis-Education of The Negro", by Carter G. Woodson
"Stolen Legacy", by George
G.M. James
'Life
On The Color Line'
(The true story of a White Boy who discovered he was Black)
by Gregory Howard Williams
"Diversity
Is Not An Option But A Business Imperative"
A
Mind Changing Experience for Some Whites Visiting South Africa: Why
Most Whites Avoid Discussing Race
www.RaceMatters.org/tagsmenu.htm
Some
Key Black Inventors
Lewis
Latimer (Black Inventor - Light Innovation, & Telephone)
Lewis
Latimer had many interests. He was an inventor, draftsman, engineer,
author, poet, musician, and, at the same time, a devoted family man
and philanthropist. He married Mary Wilson on December 10, 1873. Lewis
wrote a poem for his wedding entitled Ebon Venus that was
published in his book of poetry, Poems of Love and Life. The
Latimers had two daughters, Jeanette and Louise.
-
Drafted
the patent
drawings for Alexander Graham Bell's patent application
for the telephone, spending long nights with the inventor. Bell
rushed his patent application to the patent office mere hours
ahead of the competition and won the patent rights to the
telephone with the help of Latimer.
-
Original
draftsman for Thomas
Edison (who he started working for in 1884) and as such was
the star witness in Edison’s infringement suits. Lewis Latimer
was the only African American member of the twenty-four
"Edison Pioneers", Thomas Edison's engineering division
of the Edison Company. Latimer also co-authored a book on
electricity published in 1890 called, "Incandescent Electric
Lighting: A Practical Description of the Edison System."
-
Assistant
manager and draftsman for the U.S. Electric company founded by Hiram
S. Maxim, Latimer's talent for drafting and his creative
genius led him to invent a method of making carbon filaments
for the Maxim electric incandescent lamp. In 1881, he supervised
the installation of the electric lights in New York, Philadelphia,
Montreal, and London
Grandville
T. Woods (Black Inventor - Modernized railroads)
Born
in Columbus, Ohio, in April 23, 1856, Granville T. Woods dedicated his
life to developing a variety of inventions relating to the railroad
industry. To some he was known as the "Black Edison, both great
inventors of their time. Granville T. Woods invented more than a dozen
devices to improve electric railway cars and many more for controlling
the flow of electricity. His most noted invention was a system for
letting the engineer of a train know how close his train was to
others. This device helped cut down accidents and collisions between
trains.
Granville T. Woods literally learned
his skills on the job. Attending school in Columbus until age 10, he
served an apprenticeship in a machine shop and learned the trades of
machinist and blacksmith. During his youth he also went to night
school and took private lessons. Although he had to leave formal
school at age ten, Granville T. Woods realized that learning and
education were essential to developing critical skills that would
allow him to express his creativity with machinery.
In 1872, Granville T. Woods obtained
a job as a fireman on the Danville and Southern railroad in Missouri,
eventually becoming an engineer. He invested his spare time in
studying electronics. In 1874, Granville Woods moved to Springfield,
Illinois, and worked in a rolling mill. In 1878, he took a job aboard
the Ironsides, a British steamer, and, within two years, became Chief
Engineer of the steamer. Finally, his travels and experiences led him
to settle in Cincinnati, Ohio, where he became the person most
responsible for modernizing the railroad.
In 1888, Granville T. Woods
developed a system for overhead electric conducting lines for
railroads, which aided in the development of the overhead railroad
system found in cities such as Chicago, St. Louis, and New York City.
In his early thirties, he became interested in thermal power and
steam-driven engines. And, in 1889, he filed his first patent for an
improved steam-boiler furnace. In 1892, a complete Electric Railway
System was operated at Coney Island, NY. In 1887, he patented the
Synchronous Multiplex Railway Telegraph,
which allowed communications between train stations from moving
trains. Granville T. Woods' invention made it possible for trains to
communicate with the station and with other trains so they knew
exactly where they were at all times.
Alexander
Graham Bell’s company purchased the rights to Granville T.
Woods’ "telegraphony," enabling him to become a full-time
inventor. Among his other top inventions were a steam boiler furnace
and an automatic air brake used to slow or stop trains. Wood’s
electric car was powered by overhead wires. It was the third rail
system to keep cars running on the right track.
Success led to law suits filed by Thomas
Edison who sued Granville Woods claiming that he was the first
inventor of the multiplex telegraph. Granville Woods eventually won,
but Edison didn’t give up easily when he wanted something. Trying to
win Granville Woods over, and his inventions, Edison offered Granville
Woods a prominent position in the engineering department of Edison
Electric Light Company in New York. Granville T. Woods, preferring his
independence, declined.
Other important Old Day Black
Inventors/Innovators:
- Thomas
L. Jennings, born in 1791, is believed to have been the
first Black person to receive a patent for an invention. He was 30
years old when he was granted a patent for a dry cleaning process.
Jennings was a free tradesman and operated a dry cleaning business
in New York City. His income went mostly to his abolitionist
activities. In 1831, he became assistant secretary for the First
Annual Convention of the People of Color in Philadelphia, PA.
Slaves were prohibited from receiving patents on their inventions.
Although free Black inventors were legally able to receive
patents, most did not. Some feared that recognition—and most
likely the prejudice that would come with it—would destroy their
livelihoods.
- Rep. George Washington Murray
was a teacher, farmer, and U.S. Congressman from South Carolina
from 1893 to 1897. From his seat in the House of
representatives, Murray was in a unique position to bring into
focus the achievements of a people recently emancipated. Speaking
on behalf of proposed legislation for a Cotton States Exhibition
to publicize the South’s technological process since the Civil
War, Murray urged that a separate space be reserved to display
some of the achievements of southern Blacks. He explained the
reasons why Blacks should participate in regional and national
expositions saying:
"Mr. Speaker, the colored
people of this country want an opportunity to show that the
progress, that the civilization which is now admired the world
over, that the civilization which is now leading the world, that
the civilization which all nations of the world look up to and
imitate--the colored people, I say, want an opportunity to show
that they, too, are part and parcel of that great
civilization."
And he proceeded to read the
names and inventions of 92 Black inventors into the
Congressional Record.
- Judy W. Reed may not have
been able to write her name, but she patented a hand-operated
machine for kneading and rolling dough. She is probably the first
African-American woman to obtain a patent.
- Sarah E. Goode - Sarah
Goode was the first African American women to receive a U.S.
patent. Patent #322,177 was issued on July 14, 1885 for a cabinet
bed. Sarah Goode was the owner of a Chicago furniture store.
Leonard
Jeffries Controversial Perspectives On Race
Helpful Terminologies for
Healthy Racial Dialogue:
-
Institutional
Racism
-
Racial
Amnesia
-
Segregated
by Choice
-
Neighborhood
Apartheid
-
Intelligibility
and legitimacy of white supremacy in modern discourse
-
Insolent
(e.g. insolent white society - faced by the black intellectual)
-
Insouciant
(e.g. insouciant black society - faced by the black intellectual)
-
Hegemony
-
Psychosexual dimension of race
-
Epidermal covering - skin color
-
Neocolonialist
-
Neo-conservative
-
Alienated
-
Dissatisfied
-
Racial
Chasm
-
Afro-Americanization
of white youth
-
Black,
a modern construct
-
Historical gravity of race and gender outweighs that of religion and
ethnicity in American society
-
U.S.
Mainstream
-
U.S.
Male stream
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